BEFORE
Earthquakes strike suddenly, violently and without warning. Identifying potential hazards ahead of time and advance planning can reduce the dangers of serious injury or loss of life from an earthquake. Repairing deep plaster cracks in ceilings and foundations, anchoring overhead lighting fixtures to the ceiling and following local seismic building standards will help reduce the impact of earthquakes.
Six Ways to Plan Ahead
1. Check for Hazards in the Home
➼ Fasten shelves securely to walls.
➼ Place large or heavy objects on lower shelves.
➼ Store breakable items such as bottled foods, glass and china in low, closed cabinets with latches.
➼ Hang heavy items such as pictures and mirrors away from beds, couches and anywhere people sit.
➼ Brace overhead light fixtures.
➼ Repair defective electrical wiring and leaky gas connections. These are potential fire risks.
➼ Secure water heaters by strapping them to the wall studs and bolting them to the floor.
➼ Repair any deep cracks in ceilings or foundations. Get expert advice if there are signs of structural defects.
➼ Store weed killers, pesticides and flammable products securely in closed cabinets with latches and on bottom shelves.
➼ Fasten shelves securely to walls.
➼ Place large or heavy objects on lower shelves.
➼ Store breakable items such as bottled foods, glass and china in low, closed cabinets with latches.
➼ Hang heavy items such as pictures and mirrors away from beds, couches and anywhere people sit.
➼ Brace overhead light fixtures.
➼ Repair defective electrical wiring and leaky gas connections. These are potential fire risks.
➼ Secure water heaters by strapping them to the wall studs and bolting them to the floor.
➼ Repair any deep cracks in ceilings or foundations. Get expert advice if there are signs of structural defects.
➼ Store weed killers, pesticides and flammable products securely in closed cabinets with latches and on bottom shelves.
2. Identify Safe Places Indoors and Outdoors
➼ Under sturdy furniture, such as heavy desks or tables;
➼ Against inside walls;
➼ Away from where glass could shatter around windows, mirrors or pictures and where heavy bookcases or other heavy furniture could fall; and
➼ In the open, away from buildings, trees, telephone and electrical lines,
➼ overpasses or elevated expressways.
➼ Under sturdy furniture, such as heavy desks or tables;
➼ Against inside walls;
➼ Away from where glass could shatter around windows, mirrors or pictures and where heavy bookcases or other heavy furniture could fall; and
➼ In the open, away from buildings, trees, telephone and electrical lines,
➼ overpasses or elevated expressways.
3. Educate Yourself and Family Members
➼ Practice “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” drills;
➼ Teach children how and when to dial 9-1-1, police or fire departments and which radio stations broadcast emergency information; and
➼ Teach all family members how and when to turn off gas, electricity and water.
➼ Practice “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” drills;
➼ Teach children how and when to dial 9-1-1, police or fire departments and which radio stations broadcast emergency information; and
➼ Teach all family members how and when to turn off gas, electricity and water.
4. Have Disaster Supplies on Hand
➼ Flashlight and extra batteries.
➼ Portable battery-operated radio and extra batteries.
➼ First-aid kit and manual.
➼ Emergency food and water.
Non-electric can opener.
➼ Essential medicines.
➼ Cash and credit cards.
➼ Sturdy shoes.
➼ Flashlight and extra batteries.
➼ Portable battery-operated radio and extra batteries.
➼ First-aid kit and manual.
➼ Emergency food and water.
Non-electric can opener.
➼ Essential medicines.
➼ Cash and credit cards.
➼ Sturdy shoes.
5. Develop an Emergency Communication Plan
➼ In case family members are separated from one another during an earthquake (a real possibility during the day when adults are at work and children are at school), develop a plan for reuniting after the disaster.
➼ Ask an out-of-state relative or friend to serve as the "family contact." After a disaster, it's often easier to call long-distance. Make sure everyone in the family knows the name, address and phone number of the contact person.
➼ In case family members are separated from one another during an earthquake (a real possibility during the day when adults are at work and children are at school), develop a plan for reuniting after the disaster.
➼ Ask an out-of-state relative or friend to serve as the "family contact." After a disaster, it's often easier to call long-distance. Make sure everyone in the family knows the name, address and phone number of the contact person.
DURING
Be aware that some earthquakes are actually foreshocks and a larger earthquake might occur. Minimize your movements to a few steps to a nearby safe place and if you are indoors, stay there until the shaking has stopped and you are sure exiting is safe.
If indoors:
➼ DROP to the ground; take COVER by getting under a sturdy table or other piece of furniture; and HOLD ON until the shaking stops. If there isn’t a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch in an inside corner of the building.
➼ Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls and anything that could fall, such as lighting fixtures or furniture.
Stay in bed if you are there when the earthquake strikes. Hold on and protect your head with a pillow, unless you are under a heavy light fixture that could fall. In that case, move to the nearest safe place.
➼ Use a doorway for shelter only if it is in close proximity to you and if you know it is a strongly supported, load-bearing doorway.
➼ Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries occur when people inside buildings attempt to move to a different location inside the building or try to leave.
➼ Be aware that the electricity may go out or the sprinkler systems or fire alarms may turn on.
➼ DO NOT use the elevators.
➼ DROP to the ground; take COVER by getting under a sturdy table or other piece of furniture; and HOLD ON until the shaking stops. If there isn’t a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch in an inside corner of the building.
➼ Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls and anything that could fall, such as lighting fixtures or furniture.
Stay in bed if you are there when the earthquake strikes. Hold on and protect your head with a pillow, unless you are under a heavy light fixture that could fall. In that case, move to the nearest safe place.
➼ Use a doorway for shelter only if it is in close proximity to you and if you know it is a strongly supported, load-bearing doorway.
➼ Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries occur when people inside buildings attempt to move to a different location inside the building or try to leave.
➼ Be aware that the electricity may go out or the sprinkler systems or fire alarms may turn on.
➼ DO NOT use the elevators.
If outdoors:
➼ Stay there.
➼ Move away from buildings, streetlights and utility wires.
➼ Once in the open, stay there until the shaking stops. The greatest danger exists directly outside buildings, at exits and alongside exterior walls.
➼ Ground movement during an earthquake is seldom the direct cause of death or injury. Most earthquake-related casualties result from collapsing walls, flying glass and falling objects.
➼ Stay there.
➼ Move away from buildings, streetlights and utility wires.
➼ Once in the open, stay there until the shaking stops. The greatest danger exists directly outside buildings, at exits and alongside exterior walls.
➼ Ground movement during an earthquake is seldom the direct cause of death or injury. Most earthquake-related casualties result from collapsing walls, flying glass and falling objects.
If in a moving vehicle:
➼ Stop as quickly as safety permits and stay in the vehicle.
➼ Avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees, overpasses and utility wires.
➼ Proceed cautiously once the earthquake has stopped.
➼ Avoid roads, bridges or ramps that might have been damaged by the earthquake.
➼ Stop as quickly as safety permits and stay in the vehicle.
➼ Avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees, overpasses and utility wires.
➼ Proceed cautiously once the earthquake has stopped.
➼ Avoid roads, bridges or ramps that might have been damaged by the earthquake.
If trapped under debris:
➼ Do not light a match.
➼ Do not move about or kick up dust.
➼ Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.
➼ Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can locate you.
➼ Use a whistle if one is available.
➼ Shout only as a last resort. Shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.
➼ Do not move about or kick up dust.
➼ Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.
➼ Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can locate you.
➼ Use a whistle if one is available.
➼ Shout only as a last resort. Shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.
AFTER
➼ Expect aftershocks. These secondary shockwaves are usually less violent than the main quake, but can be strong enough to do additional damage to weakened structures and can occur in the first hours, days, weeks or even months after the quake.
➼ Listen to a battery-operated radio or television. Listen for the latest emergency information.
➼ Use the telephone only for emergency calls.
➼ Open cabinets cautiously. Beware of objects that can fall off shelves.
➼ Stay away from damaged areas. Stay away unless your assistance has been specifically requested by police, fire or relief organizations.
➼ Return home only when authorities say it is safe.
➼ Be aware of possible tsunamis if you live in coastal areas. These are also known as seismic sea waves (mistakenly called "tidal waves"). When local authorities issue a tsunami warning, assume that a series of dangerous waves is on the way.
➼ Stay away from the beach.
➼ Help injured or trapped persons. Remember to help your neighbors who may require special assistance such as infants, the elderly and people with disabilities. Give first aid where appropriate. Do not move seriously injured persons unless they are in immediate danger of further injury. Call for help.
➼ Clean up spilled medicines, bleaches, gasoline or other flammable liquids immediately. Leave the area if you smell gas or fumes from other chemicals.
➼ Inspect the entire length of chimneys for damage. Unnoticed damage could lead to a fire.
➼ Inspect utilities. Check for gas leaks. If you smell gas or hear blowing or hissing noise, open a window and quickly leave the building. Turn off the gas at the outside main valve if you can and call the gas company from a neighbor's home. If you turn off the gas for any reason, it must be turned back on by a professional.
➼ Look for electrical system damage. If you see sparks or broken or frayed wires or if you smell hot insulation, turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit breaker. If you have to step in water to get to the fuse box or circuit breaker, call an electrician first for advice.
➼ Check for sewage and water lines damage. If you suspect sewage lines are damaged, avoid using the toilets and call a plumber. If water pipes are damaged, contact the water company and avoid using water from the tap. You can obtain safe water by melting ice cubes.
➼ Listen to a battery-operated radio or television. Listen for the latest emergency information.
➼ Use the telephone only for emergency calls.
➼ Open cabinets cautiously. Beware of objects that can fall off shelves.
➼ Stay away from damaged areas. Stay away unless your assistance has been specifically requested by police, fire or relief organizations.
➼ Return home only when authorities say it is safe.
➼ Be aware of possible tsunamis if you live in coastal areas. These are also known as seismic sea waves (mistakenly called "tidal waves"). When local authorities issue a tsunami warning, assume that a series of dangerous waves is on the way.
➼ Stay away from the beach.
➼ Help injured or trapped persons. Remember to help your neighbors who may require special assistance such as infants, the elderly and people with disabilities. Give first aid where appropriate. Do not move seriously injured persons unless they are in immediate danger of further injury. Call for help.
➼ Clean up spilled medicines, bleaches, gasoline or other flammable liquids immediately. Leave the area if you smell gas or fumes from other chemicals.
➼ Inspect the entire length of chimneys for damage. Unnoticed damage could lead to a fire.
➼ Inspect utilities. Check for gas leaks. If you smell gas or hear blowing or hissing noise, open a window and quickly leave the building. Turn off the gas at the outside main valve if you can and call the gas company from a neighbor's home. If you turn off the gas for any reason, it must be turned back on by a professional.
➼ Look for electrical system damage. If you see sparks or broken or frayed wires or if you smell hot insulation, turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit breaker. If you have to step in water to get to the fuse box or circuit breaker, call an electrician first for advice.
➼ Check for sewage and water lines damage. If you suspect sewage lines are damaged, avoid using the toilets and call a plumber. If water pipes are damaged, contact the water company and avoid using water from the tap. You can obtain safe water by melting ice cubes.